Nestled in the heart of Johannesburg, the University of the Witwatersrand, affectionately known as Wits, stands as a formidable beacon of learning and innovation. For over a century, this institution has not only educated generations but has also been at the forefront of scientific discovery, social change, and intellectual discourse in South Africa and beyond. Join us on a captivating journey through Wits' illustrious history, from its foundational moments in 1922 to its forward-looking vision for 2025, highlighting the pivotal milestones and remarkable achievements that have cemented its legacy.
The Genesis: From Mining School to University (1922-1940s)
The story of Wits begins long before its official university status. It traces its roots back to the South African School of Mines, founded in Kimberley in 1896, which later moved to Johannesburg and evolved into the Transvaal University College. It was on March 1, 1922, that the institution was formally inaugurated as the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Born in the vibrant, gold-rich city, Wits quickly established itself as a critical hub for mining, engineering, and medical education, directly serving the burgeoning industrial needs of South Africa. The early decades saw rapid expansion in faculties and student numbers, laying a strong foundation for a future powerhouse in higher education.
A Hub of Research and Early Breakthroughs (1950s-1960s)
The mid-20th century marked an era of burgeoning research and significant scientific contributions from Wits. One of the most iconic discoveries linked to Wits during this period was in palaeoanthropology. In 1947, Professor Robert Broom and John T. Robinson unearthed the skull of 'Mrs Ples' (Australopithecus africanus) at Sterkfontein Caves, solidifying Wits' pioneering role in unravelling the origins of humanity. This era also saw the early academic journey of future Nobel laureates like Aaron Klug (BSc 1945, MSc 1946), who would later win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1982 for his work on crystallographic electron microscopy. Witsβ commitment to rigorous scientific inquiry began to yield global recognition, attracting leading minds and fostering a culture of discovery.
The Frontlines of Resistance: Wits During Apartheid (1970s-1980s)
During the dark days of apartheid, Wits University courageously stood as a bastion of resistance and a vocal critic of the oppressive regime. While classified as a 'white' institution, it consistently challenged segregationist policies, admitting students of colour and actively advocating for academic freedom and human rights. The university became a melting pot for intellectual debate and anti-apartheid activism, with students and staff frequently participating in protests and facing state repression. This period highlights Wits' unwavering commitment to social justice, often at great risk. Literary icon Nadine Gordimer, a recipient of an honorary DLitt from Wits in 1984 and a Nobel Laureate in Literature in 1991, embodies the spirit of intellectual and moral courage that defined Wits during these challenging times.
Post-Apartheid Era: Transformation and Global Recognition (1990s-2000s)
With the dawn of democracy in South Africa, Wits embarked on a profound journey of transformation, committed to rectifying the injustices of the past and building an inclusive, equitable future. The 1990s and 2000s saw a significant increase in student diversity and a renewed focus on community engagement. Academically, Wits continued to shine. Alumni like Sydney Brenner (BSc 1946, MSc 1947), a pioneer in molecular biology, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002, further underscoring the university's enduring impact on global science. Wits also proudly awarded an honorary LLD to Nelson Mandela in 1991, two years before he received the Nobel Peace Prize, symbolising its deep connection to South Africa's liberation story and its commitment to national reconciliation and rebuilding.
Pioneering Discoveries and Future Visions (2010s-Present)
In the 21st century, Wits has continued its trajectory as a leader in research and innovation, adapting to global challenges and contributing significantly to national development. The Wits Institute for Human Evolution continues to make groundbreaking discoveries, such as the 2015 announcement of Homo naledi from the Rising Star Cave system, further enriching the human story. The university is deeply involved in critical national projects, including its role in the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope project and its leadership in various fields like artificial intelligence, health sciences, and climate change research. While navigating the complexities of modern higher education, including student movements like #FeesMustFall, Wits remains dedicated to academic excellence, fostering critical thinking, and producing graduates who are equipped to tackle the challenges of 2025 and beyond.
From its humble beginnings as a mining school to its current status as a globally respected university, Wits has consistently demonstrated resilience, intellectual prowess, and an unwavering commitment to societal progress. Its century-long journey is a testament to the power of education, innovation, and activism in shaping a nation. As Wits looks towards 2025 and beyond, it continues to embody the spirit of the Witwatersrand β a place of enduring discovery, critical thought, and transformative impact, shaping leaders and knowledge that serve South Africa and the world.